The history of the radiator

The history of the radiator, as it turns out, is quite an old one. They were providing central heat in a home dates back to Ancient Rome when the hypocaust was invented. This type of heat involved using a furnace to add heat to the air and then sending that heat to open spaces beneath floors where it warmed the rooms above – the earliest form of underfloor heating. Hypocausts were used to heat the famous baths and in private homes in the northern territories of the Roman Empire. 

A similar heating system was developed in ancient Korea – the ondol is thought to go back thousands of years. The Chinese also have a similar system, the king, that is still in use today. 

In the Middle Ages, the use of hypocausts pretty much died out in Europe. However, the technology continued to be used in Byzantine and Arab countries, and it was reintroduced in the 13th century in the Alhambra Palace in Spain. As it spread to the northern countries in the 14th century, hypocaust technology was improved by the addition of granite stones that were piled on top of the furnace to accumulate and store heat. This new kind of low-tech heating system was the first to use convection heating, where a series of vents allowed the hot air to heat a room. 

However, it wasn’t until the 19th century that technology enabled Western engineers to devise what developed into the central heating systems we know and love today. 

Maybe it’s because radiators have such ancient origins that it’s difficult to pin down just one inventor of the modern radiator – several people have claimed to have been the first to make one. Franz San Galli, a Russian businessman, developed an early radiator in 1857. Robert Briggs and Joseph Nason pioneered the art of heating buildings by steam and came up with a radiator system using vertical iron tubes in 1863. The year 1872 saw the invention of the ‘Bundy Loop’, a popular design that created the kind of early radiators that form the basis of many modern heating products.

In the second half of the 19th century, cast iron radiator systems became hugely popular in America. Three manufacturers of those radiators merged to become the American Radiator Company, which then crossed the Atlantic and began manufacturing radiators in Hull at the turn of the 20th century.